Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE)

Understanding Prostate Enlargement (BPH)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), or prostate gland enlargement, is a condition that commonly arises in men beginning in their 40s. Our dedicated BPH resources offer comprehensive insight into how this condition is evaluated and the array of treatment methods available.

What Is PAE and How Does It Function?

Prostate Artery Embolization is a less invasive option compared to conventional surgical treatments for BPH. As a procedure performed by interventional radiologists, PAE involves the targeted injection of microscopic beads into the arteries that nourish the prostate.

This reduces blood flow (a process known as devascularization) to the enlarged area, causing it to shrink. As the gland becomes smaller, it relieves pressure on the urinary tract and bladder, improving the flow of urine.

PAE in the Spectrum of BPH Treatments

Traditional treatments for BPH-related urinary symptoms—such as TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate), GreenLight laser therapy, and HOLEP—remove the prostate tissue blocking the urinary pathway. While effective, these treatments can involve risks like bleeding, sexual dysfunction, or incontinence.

Minimally invasive procedures like Urolift are also available but may not be suitable for patients with larger prostates. In contrast, PAE provides a non-surgical alternative that is increasingly preferred due to its safety and effectiveness—even in patients with significantly enlarged prostates.

View PAE Infographic

How the Procedure Is Performed

A specially trained interventional radiologist performs the procedure by inserting a small catheter into the femoral artery in the groin. Using real-time imaging (fluoroscopy), the catheter is navigated to the prostate’s blood vessels. Once in place, tiny embolic particles are released to block blood flow to the prostate.

PAE is typically performed as an outpatient procedure with mild sedation (twilight sleep). It does not require general anesthesia, and most patients return home the same day.

Benefits and Potential Side Effects

Most patients experience improved urinary flow and a decrease in bothersome symptoms, leading to a better quality of life. Common temporary side effects may include:

• Blood in urine or semen
• Increased urinary frequency for 5–7 days
• Minor discomfort or cramping

Rare complications may include urinary tract infections, short-term catheterization, or skin discoloration. However, these are infrequent, and the procedure generally does not require placing a catheter or inserting any devices through the urethra.